https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&feed=atom&action=historyCategory:Law as Efficiency: Law and Economics - Revision history2024-03-29T08:54:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.8https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=5470&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* References */2014-03-28T17:05:38Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Reflist}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Reflist}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cole and Grossman, Principles of Law and Economics, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, (2005)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cole and Grossman, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>Principles of Law and Economics<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, (2005)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Susan Dimock, Classic Readings and Canadian Cases in the Philosophy of Law, Prentice Hall, York University, Toronto, (2002)</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Susan Dimock, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>Classic Readings and Canadian Cases in the Philosophy of Law<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"</ins>, Prentice Hall, York University, Toronto, (2002)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ronald Coase, "The Nature of the Firm", Economica, Blackwell Publishing, (1937)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x/full</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ronald Coase, "The Problem of Social Cost", Journal of Law and Economics, (1960)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http://home.cerge-ei.cz/ortmann/UpcesCourse/Coase%20-%20The%20problem%20of%20Social%20Cost.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=5468&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* References */2014-03-28T17:00:18Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cole and Grossman, Principles of Law and Economics, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2005</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Cole and Grossman, Principles of Law and Economics, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</ins>2005<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Susan Dimock, Classic Readings and Canadian Cases in the Philosophy of Law, Prentice Hall, York University, 2002</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Susan Dimock, Classic Readings and Canadian Cases in the Philosophy of Law, Prentice Hall, York University, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Toronto, (</ins>2002<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=5465&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* References */2014-03-28T16:57:19Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">References</span></span></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cole and Grossman, Principles of Law and Economics, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2005</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3867&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* Application of Law and Economics to the Case: */2014-03-25T23:47:55Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Application of Law and Economics to the Case:</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), is a case about Quebec health and insurance legislation that prevents the creation of a two tier health care system in Quebec. In the case, the court found that the right to security of the person (s.7) was violated by the existence of the legislation. The facts involve a suffering patient, Mr. Zeliots, and physician, Chaoulli, who is seeking to establish private health-care services. The case turns on the evidence of Mr. Zeliots, who suffers as a result of long lineups and waiting periods preventing him from receiving reasonably prompt health care treatments.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), is a case about Quebec health and insurance legislation that prevents the creation of a two tier health care system in Quebec. In the case, the court found that the right to security of the person (s.7) was violated by the existence of the legislation. The facts involve a suffering patient, Mr. Zeliots, and physician, Chaoulli, who is seeking to establish private health-care services. The case turns on the evidence of Mr. Zeliots, who suffers as a result of long lineups and waiting periods preventing him from receiving reasonably prompt health care treatments.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Legal issues used to decide the case relate to how ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' can be applied to strike provincial health care <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laws</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The </del>application <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">analysis will focus on principles </del>of law and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">economist scholars who will </del>support the use of ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' under the facts presented in this case. Sometimes, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will not be a popular vehicle for law and economics scholars. Concerns law and economic scholars have with ''the Charter'' will be very similar to those of utilitarians. The concern is that, when section 1 is not applied to support their view of utility maximization or efficiency, ''the Charter'' creates a standard of inalienable rights. This is precisely what utilitarians, law and economics scholars, and consequentialist moral theorists do not want to see.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Legal issues used to decide the case relate to how ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' can be applied to strike provincial health care <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and insurance legislation</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">An </ins>application of law and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">economics analysis can be made to </ins>support <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or refute </ins>the use of ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' under the facts presented in this case. Sometimes, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will not be a popular vehicle for law and economics scholars. Concerns law and economic scholars have with ''the Charter'' will be very similar to those of utilitarians. The concern is that, when section 1 is not applied to support their view of utility maximization or efficiency, ''the Charter'' creates a standard of inalienable rights. This is precisely what utilitarians, law and economics scholars, and consequentialist moral theorists do not want to see.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">However</del>, section 1 of ''the Charter'' <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">does allow for </del>the utilitarian principle to prevent a standard of rights from becoming inalienable. In this way, 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is an underlying principle in ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms''. When the application of ''the Charter'' makes it possible for an individual to chose to pay for a service, and the costs of their actions can be internalized, law and economics scholars will be pleased. If ''the Charter'' is utilized to protect a right that could otherwise be sold to a firm for the purpose of internalizing production costs, law and economics scholars will disapprove. In other words, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will be unpopular with law and economics scholars when it is used to prevent the sale of rights.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Alternatively</ins>, section 1 of ''the Charter'' <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">allows </ins>the utilitarian principle to prevent a standard of rights from becoming inalienable. In this way, 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is an underlying principle in ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms''. When the application of ''the Charter'' makes it possible for an individual to chose to pay for a service, and the costs of their actions can be internalized, law and economics scholars will be pleased. If ''the Charter'' is utilized to protect a right that could otherwise be sold to a firm for the purpose of internalizing production costs, law and economics scholars will disapprove. In other words, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will be unpopular with law and economics scholars when it is used to prevent the sale of rights.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As it concerns the Quebec health and insurance legislation, law and economics scholars will inquire about the logic of the penalties for disobeying the legislation. The penalties are clearly measures seeking to disincentize physicians and insurance providers from adopting or supporting privatized heal care services. The aim of law and economics scholars will be argue that penalties should represent the cost that society pays for disobedience with the law. The position of law and economics scholars on penalty setting will include consideration of the chances of being caught for the offence, also. As it pertains to the Quebec health and insurance legislation, the costs to society must be clear, and the evidence presented in this case is that society may actually be damaged by the provisions of the health and insurance legislation. This will be the case where citizens want to pay for a service, for a price that includes any negative effects it has on society, and are made unable to do so.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>As it concerns the Quebec health and insurance legislation, law and economics scholars will inquire about the logic of the penalties for disobeying the legislation. The penalties are clearly measures seeking to disincentize physicians and insurance providers from adopting or supporting privatized heal care services. The aim of law and economics scholars will be argue that penalties should represent the cost that society pays for disobedience with the law. The position of law and economics scholars on penalty setting will include consideration of the chances of being caught for the offence, also. As it pertains to the Quebec health and insurance legislation, the costs to society must be clear, and the evidence presented in this case is that society may actually be damaged by the provisions of the health and insurance legislation. This will be the case where citizens want to pay for a service, for a price that includes any negative effects it has on society, and are made unable to do so.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3403&oldid=prevFullbrooks13 at 17:43, 25 March 20142014-03-25T17:43:11Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another strategy might be to allow Mr.Zeliots to go to the front of the line for a fee. If the fee represents an amount of money the other parties in the line are willing to accept, then this would be a Pareto efficient transaction. If all of the parties in health care system line-ups in Quebec were able to pay for a spot in the line, law and economics theorists would think that people would rationally pay to be in priority based on the severity of their need for care.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Another strategy might be to allow Mr.Zeliots to go to the front of the line for a fee. If the fee represents an amount of money the other parties in the line are willing to accept, then this would be a Pareto efficient transaction. If all of the parties in health care system line-ups in Quebec were able to pay for a spot in the line, law and economics theorists would think that people would rationally pay to be in priority based on the severity of their need for care.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Reflist}}</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Fullbrooks13https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3335&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* Application of Law and Economics to the Case: */2014-03-25T16:36:14Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Application of Law and Economics to the Case:</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), is a case about Quebec health and insurance legislation that prevents the creation of a two tier health care system in Quebec. In the case, the court found that the right to security of the person (s.7) was violated by the existence of the legislation. The facts involve a suffering patient, Mr. Zeliots, and physician, Chaoulli, who is seeking to establish private health-care services. The case turns on the evidence of Mr. Zeliots, who suffers as a result of long lineups and waiting periods preventing him from receiving reasonably prompt health care treatments.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General), is a case about Quebec health and insurance legislation that prevents the creation of a two tier health care system in Quebec. In the case, the court found that the right to security of the person (s.7) was violated by the existence of the legislation. The facts involve a suffering patient, Mr. Zeliots, and physician, Chaoulli, who is seeking to establish private health-care services. The case turns on the evidence of Mr. Zeliots, who suffers as a result of long lineups and waiting periods preventing him from receiving reasonably prompt health care treatments.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Legal issues used to decide the case relate to how the Charter of Rights and Freedoms can be applied to strike provincial health care laws. The application analysis will focus on principles of law and economist scholars who will support the use of ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' under the facts presented in this case. Sometimes, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will not be a popular vehicle for law and economics scholars. Concerns law and economic scholars have with ''the Charter'' will be very similar to those of utilitarians. The concern is that, when section 1 is not applied to support their view of utility maximization or efficiency, ''the Charter'' creates a standard of inalienable rights. This is precisely what utilitarians, law and economics scholars, and consequentialist moral theorists do not want to see.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Legal issues used to decide the case relate to how <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>the Charter of Rights and Freedoms<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>can be applied to strike provincial health care laws. The application analysis will focus on principles of law and economist scholars who will support the use of ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' under the facts presented in this case. Sometimes, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will not be a popular vehicle for law and economics scholars. Concerns law and economic scholars have with ''the Charter'' will be very similar to those of utilitarians. The concern is that, when section 1 is not applied to support their view of utility maximization or efficiency, ''the Charter'' creates a standard of inalienable rights. This is precisely what utilitarians, law and economics scholars, and consequentialist moral theorists do not want to see.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, section 1 of ''the Charter'' does allow for the utilitarian principle to prevent a standard of rights from becoming inalienable. In this way, 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is an underlying principle in ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms''. When the application of ''the Charter'' makes it possible for an individual to chose to pay for a service, and the costs of their actions can be internalized, law and economics scholars will be pleased. If ''the Charter'' is utilized to protect a right that could otherwise be sold to a firm for the purpose of internalizing production costs, law and economics scholars will disapprove. In other words, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will be unpopular with law and economics scholars when it is used to prevent the sale of rights.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>However, section 1 of ''the Charter'' does allow for the utilitarian principle to prevent a standard of rights from becoming inalienable. In this way, 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is an underlying principle in ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms''. When the application of ''the Charter'' makes it possible for an individual to chose to pay for a service, and the costs of their actions can be internalized, law and economics scholars will be pleased. If ''the Charter'' is utilized to protect a right that could otherwise be sold to a firm for the purpose of internalizing production costs, law and economics scholars will disapprove. In other words, ''the Charter of Rights and Freedoms'' will be unpopular with law and economics scholars when it is used to prevent the sale of rights.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3333&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* Application */2014-03-25T16:34:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Application</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care. These externalities will include costs required to stabilize the public medical system so that the current benefactors of that system are not negatively impacted by Mr.Zeliots' ability to choose.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">services</ins>. These externalities will include costs required to stabilize the public medical system so that the current benefactors of that system are not negatively impacted by Mr.Zeliots' ability to choose<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Another strategy might be to allow Mr.Zeliots to go to the front of the line for a fee. If the fee represents an amount of money the other parties in the line are willing to accept, then this would be a Pareto efficient transaction. If all of the parties in health care system line-ups in Quebec were able to pay for a spot in the line, law and economics theorists would think that people would rationally pay to be in priority based on the severity of their need for care</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3329&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* An Approach to Property Rights */2014-03-25T16:26:40Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">An Approach to Property Rights</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== An Approach to Property Rights ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== An Approach to Property Rights ====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Law and economics scholars think property rights should be allocated to unburden the bearers of externalities. They think that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">everything </del>should be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for sale</del>, and they justify this idea by the ability of firms to readily <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compensation </del>those infringed by <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their </del>activities. The goal is to enable firms to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">efficiently price their products</del>, and the means <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">require that </del>firms <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are able determine the value of their infringement of the </del>rights <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of </del>others.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Law and economics scholars think property rights should be allocated to unburden the bearers of externalities. They think that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rights themselves </ins>should be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sold like property</ins>, and they justify this idea by the ability of firms to readily <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compensate </ins>those infringed by <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">production </ins>activities. The goal is to enable firms to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">internalize externalities</ins>, and the means <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">involve allowing </ins>firms <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to purchase </ins>rights <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">held by </ins>others.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">For Economists, everything </del>that people <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">receive value from </del>should be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">viewed as sellable </del>property. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The result may yield a greater sense of justice for all parties; however</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">normative assertions of law </del>and economics scholars believe that the costs of intruding on the rights of others should exist without barriers<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, too. This means that property rights of all people should be made alienable</del>. The law and economics scholars argue that in making all <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">property </del>rights alienable, society has the best chance of maximizing social welfare. In other words, society has the greatest ability to produce the goods and services people are willing to buy at prices that represent the true costs of production when everyone can be compensated without restriction<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Critics of law and economics claim that not everything is alienable. One argument is that a person cannot enjoy caviar if they cease to have a digestive tract. Some focus on the value of inalienable human rights. In general, a concern arises where law and economics scholars treat the subjective value people place on their rights as an objective commodity. While this criticism is strong, law and economics scholars look closer at how parties benefit from selling their rights and find ways of demonstrating how efficient outcomes result when parties are compensated for externalities</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A source of resistance to this approach arises from the idea </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nothing would be inalienable. This is not currently a position many </ins>people <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">would take in the world. The thought that certain rights </ins>should <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">not </ins>be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for sale is a popular one. Some people criticize law and economics scholars on this approach to </ins>property <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">by saying that society holding certain rights and freedoms inalienable creates value in itself</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Regardless</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">law and economics scholars say that if rights were treated as sellable property </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">world would be a more efficient place. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Law </ins>and economics scholars believe that the costs of intruding on the rights of others should exist without barriers. The law and economics scholars argue that in making all rights alienable, society has the best chance of maximizing social welfare. In other words, society has the greatest ability to produce the goods and services people are willing to buy at prices that represent the true costs of production when everyone can be compensated without restriction.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Transaction Costs: Coase Theorem ====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==== Transaction Costs: Coase Theorem ====</div></td></tr>
</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3320&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* Application */2014-03-25T16:09:22Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Application</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:09, 25 March 2014</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l121" >Line 121:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. These externalities will include costs required to stabilize the public medical system so that the current benefactors of that system are not negatively impacted by Mr.Zeliots' ability to choose</ins>.</div></td></tr>
</table>Ellisd113https://kumu.tru.ca/index.php?title=Category:Law_as_Efficiency:_Law_and_Economics&diff=3319&oldid=prevEllisd113: /* Ratio */2014-03-25T16:06:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Ratio</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:06, 25 March 2014</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l118" >Line 118:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Ratio====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Ratio====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The essential ratio that results from a law and economics analysis of a case like this, involves two steps. The first step is to reduce transactions costs by <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">find </del>a party who values the right at issue the most and making it possible for them to purchase the right. The second step is to consider all the parties negatively impacted by externalities created by the first step, and compensate them by internalizing the purchase of the right.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The essential ratio that results from a law and economics analysis of a case like this, involves two steps. The first step is to reduce transactions costs by <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">finding </ins>a party who values the right at issue the most<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and making it possible for them to purchase the right. The second step is to consider all the parties negatively impacted by externalities created by the first step, and compensate them by internalizing the purchase of the right.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>====Application====</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Applying the ratio stated above, law and economics scholars will seeks to do two things. First, they will seek to reduce transaction costs by empowering Mr.Zeliots, the patient suffering as a result of the health care and insurance legislation. They will make it possible for him to choose whether he wants to purchase private health care services or not. Second, law and economics scholars will seeks to compensate parties affected by the negative impacts of letting Mr. Zeliots purchase private health care. The value of the compensation will be included in the price of private health care.</div></td></tr>
</table>Ellisd113